What is Uveitis?
A condition where the middle layer of the eye, known as the uvea, becomes inflamed. The uvea is responsible for providing blood flow and nutrients to the eye. When it becomes inflamed, it can lead to a range of symptoms, including pain, redness, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light.
What are the Symptoms of Uveitis?
- Blurred vision
- Eye pain
- Redness of the eye
- Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
- Floaters
These symptoms can affect one or both eyes. In posterior uveitis, vision loss may occur without significant pain or redness. If you experience any of these symptoms, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly.
What Causes Uveitis?
Uveitis has several potential causes:
Autoimmune Disorders: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or Behçet’s disease can trigger an immune response that results in inflammation of the eye.
Infections: Uveitis can be caused by infections such as herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, syphilis, tuberculosis, or Lyme disease.
Eye Trauma: Physical injury to the eye, including post-surgical complications, can lead to uveitis.
In some cases, the cause remains unknown, but it is often linked to underlying systemic diseases or infections.
How is Uveitis Diagnosed?
To diagnose uveitis, an ophthalmologist will perform a comprehensive eye exam, which may include vision tests and the use of a slit-lamp microscope to detect signs of inflammation. Additional tests, such as blood work or imaging, may be required to identify infections or autoimmune conditions.
What are the Treatment Options for Uveitis?
Treatment for uveitis aims to reduce inflammation, manage symptoms, and address underlying causes. Options include:
Corticosteroids: Steroid eye drops are commonly used for anterior uveitis to reduce inflammation. In more severe cases, oral steroids or injections may be necessary.
Immunosuppressive Medications: If the uveitis is linked to an autoimmune condition, immunosuppressive drugs may be prescribed to control the body's immune response.
Antibiotics or Antivirals: If an infection causes uveitis, antibiotics or antiviral medications will be used to treat the underlying infection.
Surgery: In rare cases, surgery such as a vitrectomy (removal of the vitreous gel in the eye) may be required to control the inflammation or treat complications.
What are the Complications of Untreated Uveitis?
If not treated in time, uveitis can lead to several complications, such as:
- Glaucoma
- Cataracts
- Retinal Detachment
- Permanent Vision Loss
Uveitis is a serious eye condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications. If you experience symptoms such as blurred vision, eye pain, or redness, it’s important to consult an eye specialist. Early treatment can prevent long-term damage and preserve vision.
